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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Element-Element Bond Formation upon Oxidation and Reduction.

Martin Piesch1, Christian Graßl1, Manfred Scheer1

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The redox chemistry of cobalt-phosphorus and cobalt-arsenic triple-decker complexes was explored. Researchers successfully isolated various oxidized and reduced forms, including a novel allylic arsenide ligand in a triple-decker complex.

Keywords:
arseniccobaltcyclic voltammetryphosphorusredox chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Triple-decker complexes featuring cobalt centers and main group elements offer unique electronic and structural properties.
  • Understanding the redox behavior of these complexes is crucial for exploring their reactivity and potential applications.
  • The Cp''' ligand (1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl) provides steric bulk, influencing the stability and reactivity of cobalt complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the redox chemistry of dinuclear cobalt complexes with bridging phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As) ligands.
  • To synthesize and characterize various oxidation states of these triple-decker complexes.
  • To explore the structural transformations of the E2 (E=P, As) ligands upon reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical investigation of the redox activity of [(Cp'''Co)2(μ,η2:η2-E2)2] complexes.
  • Isolation and characterization of oxidized (monocations, dications) and reduced (monoanions, dianions) species using various counterions and reducing agents.
  • Spectroscopic techniques (e.g., NMR, X-ray crystallography) for structural elucidation of the isolated complexes.

Main Results:

  • Both phosphorus and arsenic complexes exhibit reversible redox behavior, allowing for the formation of monocations, dications, and monoanions.
  • Further reduction of the monoanionic complexes leads to dianionic species with rearranged phosphorus (chain-like P4) and arsenic (allylic As3) ligands.
  • The dianionic complex [K(dme)4][(Cp'''Co)2(μ,η3:η3-As3)] represents the first instance of an allylic As3 ligand in a triple-decker framework.

Conclusions:

  • The redox chemistry of these dinuclear cobalt complexes is rich, enabling access to a wide range of oxidation states.
  • Ligand rearrangement and fragmentation occur upon extensive reduction, highlighting the dynamic nature of these metallo-organic frameworks.
  • The discovery of the allylic As3 ligand in a triple-decker complex opens new avenues for the study of main group element coordination chemistry.