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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Atomic Structure01:17

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The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one...
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Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

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Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication
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Nanoarchitectonics from Atom to Life.

Katsuhiko Ariga1, Yusuke Yamauchi2

  • 1International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics MANA, National Institute for Materials Science NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoarchitectonics, a new paradigm beyond nanotechnology, enables the creation of rationally organized functional materials. This approach combines various techniques from atom manipulation to bio-processes for advanced material design.

Keywords:
Self-assemblyhierarchic structureinterfaceliving cellnanoarchitectonics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional top-down nanotechnology approaches are insufficient for creating rationally organized functional materials.
  • A new research paradigm is needed to leverage deep nanotechnology knowledge for material creation.
  • Nanoarchitectonics emerges as a promising concept to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of nanoarchitectonics.
  • To review and exemplify nanoarchitectonics-based approaches in materials fabrication and function.
  • To discuss future challenges and opportunities in nanoarchitectonics.

Main Methods:

  • Atom/molecular manipulation
  • Organic chemical synthesis
  • Self-assembly and spontaneous processes
  • Field-applied assembly
  • Micro/nano fabrication
  • Bio-related processes

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of nanoarchitectonics applications across scales, from atoms to living organisms.
  • Highlighting the versatility of nanoarchitectonics in creating diverse functional materials.
  • Identification of key methodologies employed in nanoarchitectonics.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoarchitectonics offers a powerful framework for designing and fabricating advanced functional materials.
  • Integration of diverse techniques is crucial for successful nanoarchitectonics implementation.
  • Further research is needed to address unsolved problems and unlock the full potential of nanoarchitectonics.