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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.6K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

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Regulatory T Cells and Human Disease.

Shimon Sakaguchi1,2, Norihisa Mikami1, James B Wing1

  • 1Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;

Annual Review of Immunology
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune balance. Understanding Treg function and dysfunction is key to developing new therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Keywords:
FoxP3autoimmune diseasecancer immunityorgan transplantationregulatory T cells

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining immune self-tolerance and homeostasis.
  • Tregs express FoxP3, CD25, and CTLA-4, defining their unique function.
  • Recent research has advanced the understanding of Treg generation, function, and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of Treg immunobiology in health and disease.
  • To explore the role of Treg anomalies in autoimmune diseases.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Tregs for various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes findings from recent studies on Treg biology.
  • It examines the genetic and environmental factors influencing Treg function.
  • The review discusses clinical applications of Treg modulation.

Main Results:

  • Treg anomalies are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Tregs can be therapeutically manipulated by depletion or expansion.
  • Targeting Tregs offers potential for treating immunological disorders and enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of Treg immunobiology is essential for clinical translation.
  • Treg-targeting therapies hold promise for managing immune-related diseases and cancer.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize the clinical potential of Treg-based interventions.