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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
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Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
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Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
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Geographical identification of Chianti red wine based on ICP-MS element composition.

Benedetta Bronzi1, Claudio Brilli1, Gian Maria Beone2

  • 1RUFFINO Srl, 50065 Pontassieve, Firenze, Italy.

Food Chemistry
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study used ICP-MS and chemometrics to authenticate Chianti wine. It successfully differentiated Chianti from other Italian wines using elemental analysis, protecting its brand integrity.

Keywords:
Chianti wineICP-MSMajor and trace elementsMultivariate modellingPLS-DAREE

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Chianti wine is a high-quality product with a significant global market presence.
  • Protecting the Chianti brand from adulteration requires efficient authentication tools.
  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with chemometrics is effective for food authentication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate authentic Chianti/Chianti Classico wines from other Italian wines.
  • To identify key elemental markers for geographical origin discrimination.
  • To develop robust models for wine authentication and brand protection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of authentic Chianti/Chianti Classico wines and samples from 18 other geographical regions using ICP-MS.
  • Application of chemometric techniques, specifically Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA).
  • Evaluation of major, trace, and Rare Earth Elements (REE) for discriminatory power.

Main Results:

  • PLS-DA successfully identified elemental variables that discriminate wine geographical origin.
  • Both Rare Earth Elements (REE) and major/trace elements contributed to distinguishing Chianti samples.
  • A general model was insufficient for differentiating Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) red wines with similar chemical profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Specific classification models significantly enhanced the capability to discriminate wine origins.
  • Certain elements play a crucial role in emphasizing the discriminant function for Chianti wine.
  • ICP-MS and chemometrics provide a powerful approach for authenticating Chianti wine and safeguarding its geographical indication.