Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

4.0K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
4.0K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

3.1K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
3.1K
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

369
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
369
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

893
Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
893

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Calcium triggers <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> aggregation by forming coordination bonds with capsular glucuronoxylomannan.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Amphotericin B Resistance in <i>Lomentospora prolificans</i> is associated with a soluble cell wall component.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Antigen Stimulation Reactivates HIV-1 Proviruses Despite Integration in Repressive Chromatin.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Did avian-like pulmonary anatomy increase the susceptibility of dinosaurs to fungal diseases? Extending the "fungal infection mammalian selection" hypothesis.

mBio·2026
Same author

Scent and adhesion drive insect dispersal of environmental yeast.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Mirror microbial life and the dual use dilemma.

mSphere·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
07:32

Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: March 19, 2015

10.5K

Melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans Requires Complex Regulation.

Radames J B Cordero1, Emma Camacho1, Arturo Casadevall2

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Mbio
|February 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcus neoformans melanization, a key survival mechanism, is regulated by a complex network of transcription factors and kinases. This study uncovers intricate signaling pathways controlling fungal melanin production.

Keywords:
Bzp4Cryptococcus neoformansGsk1MRC-TFMbs1Usv101laccasemelaninmelanin regulationmelanin-regulating core transcription factorsmelanizationnutrient starvation response

More Related Videos

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

13.0K
Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body
08:08

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
07:32

Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: March 19, 2015

10.5K
Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

13.0K
Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body
08:08

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body

Published on: January 11, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Fungal Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The fungal pathogen *Cryptococcus neoformans* produces melanin, a pigment that enhances survival against host defenses and environmental stressors.
  • Melanization offers protection but also poses risks, including the generation of cytotoxic intermediates and susceptibility to specific drugs.
  • The precise signaling pathways governing melanin synthesis in *C. neoformans* remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating melanization in *Cryptococcus neoformans*.
  • To identify key genetic components involved in the control of fungal melanin production.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a core melanin regulatory network.
  • Identification of transcription factors and kinases essential for melanization.
  • Investigation of regulatory mechanisms under low-nutrient conditions.

Main Results:

  • A core regulatory network comprising transcription factors and kinases was identified.
  • This network is crucial for melanization under nutrient-limited conditions.
  • The network exhibits complex, redundant, and epistatic interactions, indicating multi-level regulation.

Conclusions:

  • *Cryptococcus neoformans* melanization is a highly regulated process involving a complex network of signaling molecules.
  • Understanding this network provides insights into fungal adaptation and virulence.
  • The intricate regulation reflects the diverse roles of melanin in fungal biology.