[Testicular tumors in prepubertal boys-organ preservation possible more often than expected]

In prepubertal boys, testicular tumors are rare with an incidence between 2 and 5/million. In contrast to testicular tumors in adolescents and adults, more than 2/3 of these tumors are benign. Unfortunately, in Germany in most cases, only malignant tumors (usually yolk sac tumors) are reported to the study center (MAKEI IV and now V). Therefore, the incidence in Germany is unknown. Since the introduction of polychemotherapy in the 1970s, the prognosis of malignant testicular tumors has improved enormously and has become a curable disease, even in the case of recurrence. Today the orchiectomy, which was usually carried out in the past, appears to be no longer justified in most prepubertal boys due to the high incidence of benign tumors. It has been shown in various studies that organ-sparing surgery in germ cell tumors (epidermoid cysts, teratoma); gonadal stoma tumors (Sertoli, Leydig and granulosa cell tumors) and cystic lesions (intratesticular cysts and tubular ectasia of the rete testis) is reliable and safe. In cases with preoperative significantly increased AFP (caution: norm values not valid in the first year of life) and a clear testicular tumor in the ultrasound (yolk sac tumor) or if no testicular parenchyma is sonographically detectable, orchiectomy can still be carried out. Today orchiectomies in prepubertal boys should be an exception and the reasons for an orchiectomy must be well documented.