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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
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A Periodic System of Supramolecular Elements.

Hans-Werner Schmidt1,2, Frank Würthner3,2

  • 1Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.

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|February 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are exploring chemistry beyond the molecule, focusing on weak interactions to create large, self-assembling supramolecules. This work may lead to a periodic system for these novel supramolecular elements.

Keywords:
foldamersmacromolecular chemistryoligomerssupramolecular chemistrysupramolecular elements

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Chemistry traditionally focuses on molecular interactions.
  • Weak, noncovalent, and reversible interactions govern chemistry beyond the molecule.
  • Exploiting these interactions requires larger molecules with multiple binding sites for structural organization via folding and self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and explore the concept of "supramolecular elements" as building blocks for novel chemical entities.
  • To investigate the synthesis and conformational prediction of supramolecules.
  • To lay the groundwork for a new organizational system in supramolecular chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of large molecules capable of folding and self-assembly.
  • Computational prediction of molecular folding into desired conformations.
  • Conceptual framework development for "supramolecular elements".

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that supramolecules can be synthesized with predictable folding.
  • Introduction of the "supramolecular element" as a fundamental building block.
  • Establishment of a new paradigm for chemical organization beyond the individual molecule.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular chemistry enables the creation of complex, non-natural entities through folding and self-assembly.
  • The concept of "supramolecular elements" provides a basis for understanding structure formation.
  • Future research may lead to a Periodic System of Supramolecular Elements, analogous to the Periodic Table of Elements.