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A Fireproof, Lightweight, Polymer-Polymer Solid-State Electrolyte for Safe Lithium Batteries.

Yi Cui1, Jiayu Wan1, Yusheng Ye1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Nano Letters
|February 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel, fireproof polymer-polymer solid-state electrolyte (SSE) for safer, high-energy lithium-ion batteries. This ultralightweight material enhances safety without compromising performance, even under flame exposure.

Keywords:
Li-based batteriesfireprooflightweightpolymer−polymer compositesolid-state electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries face safety concerns due to flammable liquid electrolytes.
  • Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer potential for improved safety and energy density.
  • Existing polymer-based SSEs often remain flammable, failing to fully address safety issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a novel, fireproof, and ultralightweight polymer-polymer solid-state electrolyte (SSE).
  • To overcome the flammability limitations of current polymeric SSEs.
  • To achieve high energy density and stable electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a polymer-polymer SSE using a porous polyimide (PI) enforcer, decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) fire-retardant, and poly(ethylene oxide)/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide electrolyte.
  • Characterization of the SSE's thermal stability, non-flammability, and mechanical properties.
  • Electrochemical testing of Li-Li symmetrical cells, LiFePO4/Li half cells, and pouch cells under various conditions, including flame abuse tests.

Main Results:

  • The developed SSE is thermally stable, nonflammable, mechanically strong, and has a tunable thickness of 10-25 μm.
  • Li-Li symmetrical cells demonstrated stable cycling for over 300 hours without short-circuiting.
  • LiFePO4/Li half cells exhibited high rate performance (131 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C) and cycling stability (300 cycles at C/2).
  • Pouch cells incorporating the SSE maintained functionality during flame abuse tests.

Conclusions:

  • The novel polymer-polymer SSE offers a promising solution for fireproof and high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
  • This material addresses critical safety concerns associated with conventional batteries.
  • The design provides a pathway towards safer energy storage solutions with comparable energy densities.