Oligometastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Approach

Gastric and esophageal cancers are dreaded malignancies, with a majority of patients presenting in either a locally advanced or metastatic state. Global incidences are rising and the overall prognosis remains poor. The concept of oligometastasis has been established for other tumor entities and is also proposed for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers. This review article explores metastasis mechanisms on the molecular level, specific to esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Existing data and recent studies that deal with upper gastrointestinal tumors in the oligometastatic state are reviewed. Furthermore, current therapeutic targets in gastroesophageal cancers are presented and discussed. Finally, a perspective about future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is given.