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Users' Modifications to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Interviews with ENDS Enthusiasts.

Yachao Li1, Robert T Fairman2, Victoria Churchill2

  • 1Department of Communication Studies and Department of Public Health, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Consumers modify electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for clouds, nicotine, flavor, and throat hit. While fewer users modify ENDS now, hobbyists persist, and regulations may spur future modifications.

Keywords:
ENDS modificationsbatteriescoilse-liquidsvaping

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Area of Science:

  • Consumer Product Research
  • Tobacco Harm Reduction
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) modifications by users can impact initiation, cessation, and product toxicity.
  • Understanding user modification behaviors is crucial for assessing ENDS risks and regulatory strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common consumer behaviors related to modifying ENDS.
  • To explore the motivations behind ENDS modifications.
  • To assess trends in ENDS modification practices over time.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted in-depth, audio-recorded interviews with 13 adult ENDS users in Atlanta with self-reported extensive modification experience.
  • Focused on modifications to coils, batteries, and e-liquids.

Main Results:

  • Common modifications target coil, battery, and e-liquid components.
  • Motivations include producing larger vapor clouds, altering nicotine levels, changing flavors, and modifying throat hit.
  • Fewer users modify coils and batteries compared to previous years due to manufacturer adaptations.
  • Hobbyists continue modifications, and e-liquid misuse/abuse persists.

Conclusions:

  • ENDS modification remains a relevant behavior, particularly among hobbyists.
  • Regulatory actions by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limiting product characteristics could potentially lead to increased user modifications.
  • Future FDA regulatory decisions should consider the potential for increased ENDS modification in response to product restrictions.