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Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein C Regulates Low-pH Entry.

Tri Komala Sari1,2, Katrina A Gianopulos1,2, Darin J Weed1,2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.

Msphere
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein C (gC) selectively facilitates low-pH cell entry by regulating conformational changes in the fusion protein gB. This discovery offers new insights into HSV

Keywords:
herpes simplex virusherpesvirusesviral entryviral glycoproteins

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) cause global morbidity and mortality.
  • HSV entry involves complex, multi-component machinery and diverse pathways.
  • Specific roles of envelope proteins in distinct entry routes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selective role of HSV glycoprotein C (gC) in viral entry.
  • To elucidate how gC modulates HSV entry pathways, particularly low-pH dependent mechanisms.
  • To understand the interplay between gC, gB, and other viral proteins during cell entry.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing conformational changes in glycoprotein B (gB) under varying pH conditions.
  • Assessing the impact of gC presence on acid-induced antigenic alterations in gB.
  • Proposing a model for gC's function in HSV low-pH entry into human epidermal keratinocytes.

Main Results:

  • Glycoprotein C (gC) regulates HSV entry via a low-pH pathway.
  • gC confers a higher pH threshold for acid-induced conformational changes in gB.
  • HSV entry occurs at a lower pH in the absence of gC, affecting gB conformational shifts.

Conclusions:

  • gC selectively facilitates low-pH entry by modulating HSV fusion protein gB.
  • gC functions with gB, gD, and gH/gL to enable low-pH entry into cells like keratinocytes.
  • This study identifies a novel function for gC in HSV entry, enhancing understanding of viral fusion mechanisms.