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Growth differentiation factor 15 is increased in stable MS.

Andrea Amstad1, Mali Coray1, Corina Frick1

  • 1From the Department of Biomedicine (A.A., M.C., C.F.), University of Basel; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (C.B., J.O., L.K., Y.N., J.K., M.M.), Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Medical Image Analysis Center Basel AG (M.A.); Division of Neuroradiology (M.A.), University Hospital Basel; Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.), University Basel, Switzerland; and Department of Gynaecology (J.W.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.

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|February 7, 2020
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Summary

Serum levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) are higher in patients with stable multiple sclerosis (MS). This suggests GDF-15 may indicate disease stability in MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with potential roles in various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum concentrations of GDF-15 in patients with active versus stable MS, and compare them to healthy controls.
  • To explore GDF-15 as a potential biomarker for disease activity and stability in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GDF-15 levels were measured using ELISA in cross-sectional cohorts including MS patients, other inflammatory neurologic diseases (OIND), noninflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND), and healthy controls (HCs).
  • A longitudinal cohort of MS patients and controls underwent repeated serum GDF-15 measurements alongside detailed clinical and MRI assessments.

Main Results:

  • Cross-sectional analysis revealed significantly higher serum GDF-15 in OIND and NIND patients compared to HCs.
  • Patients with relapsing MS showed similar serum GDF-15 levels to HCs.
  • Longitudinally, patients with stable MS exhibited significantly higher mean serum GDF-15 concentrations than those with intermittent MRI activity.

Conclusions:

  • Serum GDF-15 concentrations are elevated in patients with stable multiple sclerosis.
  • These findings indicate that GDF-15 may serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing disease stability in MS.