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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting
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Thermal expansion coefficients in Invar processed by selective laser melting.

Neil J Harrison1, Iain Todd2, Kamran Mumtaz1

  • 11Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Journal of Materials Science
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) additive manufacturing retains Invar

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Invar (64Fe-36Ni) is known for its unique low thermal expansion property.
  • Additive manufacturing (AM) offers novel processing routes for metallic alloys.
  • Investigating AM's effect on Invar's properties is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the low thermal expansion of Invar is preserved after selective laser melting (SLM).
  • To evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of SLM-processed Invar.
  • To understand the influence of AM processing on Invar's characteristic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Components were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) of Invar powder (15-45 μm particle size).
  • Thin layers (20 μm) were melted to achieve near-full density (99.96%).
  • Mechanical and thermal expansion properties were characterized and compared to conventional Invar.

Main Results:

  • Near-full density components were successfully produced via SLM.
  • Mechanical properties of SLM Invar were comparable to cold-drawn Invar36®.
  • A lower, even negative, thermal expansion coefficient was observed up to 100°C, attributed to residual stress.

Conclusions:

  • The low thermal expansion property of Invar is maintained when processed by selective laser melting (SLM).
  • SLM is a viable additive manufacturing technique for producing Invar components with desirable thermal properties.
  • Residual stresses in SLM Invar influence its thermal expansion behavior at lower temperatures.