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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Recent research progress on polyphosphazene-based drug delivery systems.

Zhipeng Ni1, Haojie Yu1, Li Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China. hjyu@zju.edu.cn opl_wl@dial.zju.edu.cn.

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Synthetic polymer materials, particularly polyphosphazenes, offer tunable properties for advanced drug delivery. These versatile materials enable targeted delivery, tissue repair, and imaging applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Synthetic polymers are increasingly researched for drug delivery due to their structural flexibility compared to natural polymers.
  • Polyphosphazenes are highlighted as promising biomedical materials owing to their controllable degradation and structural adaptability.
  • These polymers can be tailored for various applications by adjusting hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and incorporating functional groups or drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of polyphosphazene-based drug delivery systems over the past decade.
  • To summarize the chemical structures and functions of polyphosphazenes in drug delivery applications.
  • To highlight the versatility of polyphosphazenes in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature (last 10 years) on polyphosphazene-based drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of chemical structures, functionalization strategies, and resulting properties of polyphosphazenes.
  • Categorization of applications based on therapeutic areas and delivery modalities.

Main Results:

  • Polyphosphazenes can be formulated into various delivery systems, including nanoparticles, drug conjugates, hydrogels, and coatings.
  • Their structural flexibility allows for precise control over stereochemistry, nanostructures, and topologies.
  • Successful applications demonstrated in targeted drug/protein/gene delivery, bone tissue engineering, cell imaging, photothermal therapy, and immunology.

Conclusions:

  • Polyphosphazenes represent a highly adaptable platform for advanced drug delivery systems.
  • Their tunable properties and diverse applications underscore their significance in modern biomedical research.
  • Continued research into polyphosphazenes promises further innovations in therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.