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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification ChIRP
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Probing the function of long noncoding RNAs in the nucleus.

Sajal Medha K Akkipeddi1, Anthony J Velleca2, Dawn M Carone3

  • 1Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA.

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators within the cell nucleus. This review explores techniques revealing lncRNA functions in gene expression, DNA replication, and nuclear organization.

Keywords:
Biochemical methodsGenome regulationMicroscopyMolecular cytologyNoncoding RNANuclear organization

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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The cell nucleus is a highly organized and dynamic environment critical for processes like gene expression and DNA replication.
  • Noncoding RNAs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as key regulators of nuclear functions.
  • lncRNAs act as molecular scaffolds, mediating interactions with proteins, chromatin, and other RNAs to influence nuclear processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse techniques used to investigate the function of nuclear lncRNAs.
  • To highlight how these methods have elucidated lncRNA mechanisms of action within the nucleus.
  • To demonstrate the importance of combining different approaches for a comprehensive understanding of lncRNA roles.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular cytology-based, single-cell approaches to determine lncRNA localization and abundance.
  • Biochemical, extraction-based methods to identify molecular interactions of lncRNAs.
  • Integration of cytological and biochemical techniques for studying specific nuclear lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell cytology reveals lncRNA localization, abundance, and potential binding partners.
  • Biochemical approaches uncover molecular contacts and their contribution to nuclear organization.
  • Combined methodologies provide clear insights into the functions of individual nuclear lncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The study of nuclear lncRNAs requires a combination of molecular cytology and biochemical techniques.
  • Emerging technologies will further expand our understanding of lncRNA roles in nuclear organization, genome regulation, and disease.
  • Continued research into lncRNA interactions and mechanisms is vital for advancing cell biology and medicine.