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Gratitude inhibits competitive behaviour in threatening interactions.

Eri Sasaki1, Lile Jia1, Heng Yin Lwa1

  • 1Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Cognition & Emotion
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gratitude can reduce competitive behavior, even in threatening social interactions. This emotion promotes communal orientation, inhibiting self-centered impulses when facing competition.

Keywords:
Gratitudecompetitive behaviorpositive emotionprosocial behaviorthreatening social interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Emotion Research

Background:

  • Gratitude is known to promote prosocial behavior in neutral social settings.
  • The role of gratitude in threatening situations, which often trigger competitive impulses, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether gratitude can inhibit competitive behavior in threatening social interactions.
  • To determine if gratitude's influence on competition differs based on the level of threat posed by an opponent.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Participants underwent emotion induction (gratitude, joy, neutral) before playing a competitive Trucking game against a bogus opponent.
  • Study 2: Participants, after losing a task, could sabotage a bogus opponent's lottery chances; gratitude was induced, and opponent competitiveness varied.

Main Results:

  • Gratitude significantly reduced competitive behavior in the Trucking game compared to joy or neutral states.
  • Gratitude induction led to less sabotaging behavior, but only when the opponent was highly competitive, not neutral.
  • The findings suggest gratitude's effect on competition is moderated by the perceived threat level.

Conclusions:

  • Gratitude plays a crucial role in mitigating competitive impulses during threatening social interactions.
  • This emotion helps to de-escalate potential conflict by fostering a communal orientation.
  • Gratitude may be a key factor in preventing the escalation of competitive cycles in high-threat environments.