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Related Concept Videos

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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
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Heterocycle Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity.

Maria Fesatidou1, Anthi Petrou1, Geronikaki Athina1

  • 1School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New five-membered heterocyclic compounds show promise as antimicrobial agents to combat rising drug resistance. Research highlights thiazole, thiazolidinone, benzothiazole, and thiadiazole derivatives for their significant biological activities.

Keywords:
Antibacterialantifungalbenzothiazolemicrodilution methodsthiadiazolethiazolethiazolidinone.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bacterial infections pose a significant global health threat, leading to widespread morbidity and mortality.
  • Increasing antimicrobial resistance due to antibiotic misuse exacerbates treatment challenges, particularly for immunocompromised individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in antimicrobial agents derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds.
  • To explore the biological activities and potential of these heterocyclic structures in combating microbial infections.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature survey was conducted, focusing on research published over the last decade.
  • Key findings on the antimicrobial properties of specific five-membered heterocyclic derivatives were compiled and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Recent data highlights the significant biological activity of thiazole derivatives.
  • Thiazolidinone, benzothiazole, and thiadiazole derivatives also demonstrate notable antimicrobial potential.
  • These five-membered heterocycles are of great interest due to their natural occurrence and diverse bioactivities.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, the development of novel antimicrobial agents remains an active area of research.
  • Further investigation into five-membered heterocyclic compounds is warranted to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.