Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.8K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.8K
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

1.6K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
1.6K
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

48.6K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
48.6K
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

394
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
394
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

345
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
345
Odds Ratio01:09

Odds Ratio

1.4K
The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Boosting Media Literacy Using Lateral Reading and Online Search Interventions.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Large language models accurately identify decision reasons in verbal reports.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Toward a mechanistic understanding of false news sharing: Which interventions work best, for whom, and why.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

Communicating risks more comprehensively using simulated experience.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same author

An Updated Polygenic Index Repository: Expanded Phenotypes, New Cohorts, and Improved Causal Inference.

Research square·2025
Same author

Short report: association between self-reported COVID-19 experience and contemptuous beliefs about pandemic management among German citizens and healthcare professionals.

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.4K

Age differences in risk attitude are shaped by option complexity.

Veronika Zilker1, Ralph Hertwig1, Thorsten Pachur1

  • 1Center for Adaptive Rationality.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Older adults are not always more risk averse than younger adults. Differences in option complexity, not just risk, influence age-related risk attitudes in decision-making.

More Related Videos

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.0K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.4K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.0K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Decision-making research
  • Aging and cognition

Background:

  • Traditional research suggests older adults are more risk-averse than younger adults in gain-framed choices.
  • This conclusion often stems from studies comparing safe versus risky options, which also vary in complexity.
  • Option complexity, the amount of information to process, has been an under-examined factor in age-related risk attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of option complexity in age differences in risk aversion.
  • To determine if manipulating option complexity alters the observed risk attitudes of older versus younger adults.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms, using computational modeling, that explain how complexity affects decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted online and laboratory experiments presenting participants with choices between safe and risky options.
  • Systematically varied the complexity of the safe option to assess its impact on risk-taking behavior.
  • Employed computational modeling to analyze decision-making processes, including probability weighting and outcome sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Age differences in risk aversion (in gains) diminished when the complexity of the safe option increased.
  • Increasing safe option complexity did not simply increase response noise; it altered attribute information processing.
  • The effects of complexity were dissociated from the effects of certainty, highlighting complexity as a distinct factor.

Conclusions:

  • Option complexity is a significant driver of age differences in risk attitudes, challenging the canonical conclusion of universal older adult risk aversion.
  • When safe and risky options are similar in complexity, age-related differences in risk-taking behavior are attenuated.
  • Findings suggest that complexity influences how individuals process information, impacting probability weighting and outcome sensitivity, with implications for other decision phenomena.