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Immunophenotyping of circulating mononuclear cells in active pulmonary tuberculosis
Amany Elkholy1, Mirvat El Anany2, Ghada Mohamed Ezzat3
1Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. aaakholy@gmail.com.
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
|February 7, 2020
Summary
Active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) patients show lower B-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios compared to controls. Advanced APTB disease is associated with higher regulatory T cells (Tregs).
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) interactions with host immunity is crucial for active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) pathogenesis.
- Immune cell distribution in APTB requires further elucidation to correlate with disease severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distribution of mononuclear cells in APTB patients.
- To determine the relationship between immune cell populations and APTB disease severity.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study utilizing flow cytometry to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B-lymphocytes, NK cells, T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs), and monocytes).
- APTB diagnosis confirmed by clinical presentation, tuberculin skin tests, acid-fast bacilli smears, and BACTEC 960 sputum cultures.
Main Results:
- APTB patients exhibited significantly decreased hemoglobin and absolute lymphocyte counts, with increased neutrophil counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rates compared to healthy controls.
- Lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios and B-lymphocyte percentages were observed in APTB patients.
- While most immune cell percentages did not differ by disease severity or cavitation status, CD4+ CD25+ lymphocytes (Tregs) were significantly higher in advanced APTB cases.
Conclusions:
- B-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios are significantly reduced in APTB patients, independent of disease severity.
- Elevated CD4+ CD25+hi regulatory T cells correlate with advanced APTB disease stages.
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