Scopolamine amnesia of passive avoidance: a deficit of information acquisition

Despite its increasing use as an animal model of memory deficit in human dementia, relatively few studies have attempted to assess the memory processes involved in the anticholinergic-induced impairment of passive avoidance retention. In the present experiments, the influence of scopolamine administered prior to or immediately following training on 24-h retention of step-through passive avoidance was studied in NMRI mice. In low doses (0.3-3.0 mg/kg ip) pretraining administration (-5 min) of scopolamine induced a very strong amnesia. Post-training scopolamine induced a significant effect only at the highest dose tested (30 mg/kg). In a retention test of longer than normal duration (600 vs 180 s), which resulted in a more favorable comparison value in the control group, an intermediate post-training dose (10 mg/kg) induced a small effect which approached significance; a finding which may account for conflicting reports in the literature concerning the ability of scopolamine to induce a post-training deficit. The pretraining effect does not appear to have been solely the result of state-dependent learning; scopolamine (3 mg/kg) administered before both the training and test sessions induced a deficit of approximately the same magnitude as that found when administered before training or before testing only. The results indicate that scopolamine can induce a small post-trial effect, presumably through an influence on consolidation processes. The much larger effect of pretrial scopolamine, however, indicates a primary influence on processes related to information acquisition. Together with findings from the literature, the present experiments suggest that scopolamine-induced amnesia partially, but not completely, models the memory deficits of human dementia.