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Hemophagocytic syndrome following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: A case report

A Romero¹, L Midaglia², M T Salcedo³

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

|February 7, 2020

Abstract

Background:

Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD-52, used for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods:

We present a case of a 44-year-old male with RRMS who was admitted due to fever and jaundice after starting treatment with alemtuzumab 12 months ago.

Results:

He was diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome (HS). Liver biopsy revealed images of hemophagocytosis in Kupffer cells of lobular sinusoid. Management consisted of treatment with corticosteroids.

Conclusion:

HS is a severe condition marked by an excessive activation of the immune system that leads to a rapid and progressive multi-organ failure, so it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis of a fever syndrome following the administration of alemtuzumab.

Keywords:

Adverse effects Alemtuzumab Autoimmune disease Corticosteroids Hemophagocytic syndrome Multiple sclerosis

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Keywords:

Adverse effects Alemtuzumab Autoimmune disease Corticosteroids Hemophagocytic syndrome Multiple sclerosis

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