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Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging.

Eladio J Márquez1,2, Cheng-Han Chung1, Radu Marches1

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|February 8, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune system aging differs between men and women, with distinct changes in T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes. These sex-specific immune aging patterns emerge at different life stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Sex differences influence health and lifespan, but their impact on immune system aging remains unclear.
  • Understanding sex-based immune aging is crucial for addressing health disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sex in the aging of the peripheral immune system.
  • To characterize age- and sex-related changes in immune cell epigenomes and functions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 172 healthy adults (ages 22-93).
  • Utilized ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and flow cytometry to assess epigenomic and cellular phenotypes.
  • Investigated age-related changes and sex-specific differences in immune cell function.

Main Results:

  • Identified a common epigenomic signature of aging, including decreased naive T-cells and increased monocyte/cytotoxic cell activity.
  • Observed greater age-related immune changes in men, including a male-specific decline in B-cell loci.
  • Found distinct age-related immune trajectories, with accelerated and stronger changes in men, particularly after age 65, showing higher innate/pro-inflammatory and lower adaptive activity.

Conclusions:

  • Sex significantly modulates immune system aging, leading to divergent immune phenotypes in older adults.
  • Epigenomic and functional immune changes associated with aging manifest differently between males and females.
  • These findings provide a foundation for future research into sex-specific immune aging and health outcomes.