Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of Metal Heterogeneity on Multivariate and High-Entropy MOF SBUs.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Fabrication of Catalytic Distillation Membranes with Atomic Layer Deposition.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Enantiopurity-Controlled Magnetism in a Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Material.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Designing and mapping cascade catalysis pathway for balanced polysulfide conversion in Li-S batteries.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Strain in Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films - Interfacial Mechanical Coupling.

ACS energy letters·2026
Same author

In Situ Visualization via X-Ray Diffraction of Phase Transformations During Flash Lamp Annealing.

Small methods·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Production of Single Tracks of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition to Determine the Layer Thickness for Multilayer Deposition
09:12

Production of Single Tracks of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition to Determine the Layer Thickness for Multilayer Deposition

Published on: March 13, 2018

9.6K

Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing.

Vivek Thampy1, Anthony Y Fong2, Nicholas P Calta3

  • 1Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, United States. vthampy@slac.stanford.edu.

Scientific Reports
|February 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used in situ high-speed X-ray diffraction to measure subsurface cooling rates in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Slower cooling rates correlated with increased strain in the beta-Ti phase, impacting material quality.

More Related Videos

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting
08:32

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Published on: May 14, 2016

12.8K
Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design
05:49

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design

Published on: September 19, 2025

373

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Production of Single Tracks of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition to Determine the Layer Thickness for Multilayer Deposition
09:12

Production of Single Tracks of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition to Determine the Layer Thickness for Multilayer Deposition

Published on: March 13, 2018

9.6K
Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting
08:32

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Published on: May 14, 2016

12.8K
Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design
05:49

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design

Published on: September 19, 2025

373

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) involves rapid laser scanning of metallic powder, leading to high cooling rates and thermal gradients, particularly below the surface.
  • Understanding the subsurface thermal history is crucial for predicting and controlling the microstructure and properties of additively manufactured components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure subsurface cooling rates in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V during LPBF.
  • To investigate the relationship between cooling rates, residual strain, phase fractions, and microstructural evolution.
  • To demonstrate the significance of subsurface thermal history on the quality of additively manufactured materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in situ high-speed X-ray diffraction to capture real-time subsurface thermal data during the LPBF process.
  • Analyzed titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V samples to determine cooling rates, residual strain, and phase transformations.
  • Correlated diffraction peak broadening and lattice parameters with cooling rates and phase composition.

Main Results:

  • Observed an inverse relationship between laser power and bulk cooling rates.
  • Found that slower cooling rates led to increased residual strain in the minority β-Ti phase.
  • Noted a lattice contraction in the α-Ti phase independent of cooling rate and observed changes in relative phase fraction.
  • Observed greater diffraction peak broadening for the β-Ti phase at slower cooling rates.

Conclusions:

  • Subsurface cooling rates during LPBF are directly measurable and significantly influence the material's thermal history.
  • The interplay between cooling rate, residual strain, and phase evolution dictates the final microstructure and quality of Ti-6Al-4V components.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of in situ monitoring for optimizing additive manufacturing processes and material performance.