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Domestication leads to increased predation susceptibility.

Monica F Solberg1, Grethe Robertsen2, Line E Sundt-Hansen2

  • 1Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, NO, 5817, Bergen, Norway. monica.solberg@hi.no.

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Domesticated Atlantic salmon show higher predation susceptibility due to faster growth, leading to reduced survival in the wild. This study identifies increased predation risk as a key mechanism for domestication-driven survival differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Animal behavior
  • Conservation genetics

Background:

  • Domestication adapts animals to human control, potentially causing maladaptive traits for wild environments.
  • Domesticated Atlantic salmon interbreed with wild populations, resulting in offspring with lower survival rates in natural habitats.
  • The specific mechanisms behind reduced survival in wild environments for domesticated salmon remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between domestication, growth rates, and predation susceptibility in Atlantic salmon.
  • To determine if increased growth in domesticated salmon comes at the cost of impaired anti-predator behavior.
  • To elucidate the role of predation risk in the reduced survival of domesticated Atlantic salmon in the wild.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon populations.
  • Assessment of growth rates under controlled conditions.
  • Experimental exposure to predators (brown trout) to quantify predation susceptibility.
  • Analysis of behavioral responses and survival rates in a simulated wild environment.

Main Results:

  • Fast-growing domesticated Atlantic salmon exhibited significantly higher susceptibility to predation by brown trout compared to slow-growing wild conspecifics.
  • Directional selection for increased growth during domestication was associated with a trade-off in survival under predation risk.
  • This study provides the first direct evidence linking increased predation susceptibility to domestication in Atlantic salmon.

Conclusions:

  • Domestication-driven selection for rapid growth in Atlantic salmon leads to increased vulnerability to predators.
  • Elevated predation susceptibility is a primary mechanism contributing to the lower survival rates of domesticated salmon when they interact with wild populations.
  • Understanding these trade-offs is crucial for conservation efforts and managing interactions between wild and domesticated fish.