Lung inflammation in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

The primary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is articular disease; however, extra-articular disease can also occur. In particular, pulmonary disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with RA. Herein, we will review the types, prevalence, risk factors, and potential pathophysiology of lung disease in individuals with established RA. We will also discuss the emerging understanding of potential role of the lung in the generation of RA-related autoantibodies during a period of disease development termed "pre-RA." Finally, we will discuss a research agenda outlining the next steps to improve our understanding and management of lung inflammation and lung disease throughout the natural history of RA.