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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
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Lateral Condyle Fractures in Children.

Aaron J Huser, Keith D Baldwin, Todd A Milbrandt

    Instructional Course Lectures
    |February 8, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pediatric lateral condyle elbow fractures are common. Management focuses on fracture reduction and union, aiming for improved elbow motion while monitoring for rare complications like osteonecrosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Pediatric Orthopedics
    • Pediatric Traumatology

    Background:

    • Lateral condyle fractures are the second most frequent pediatric elbow injury.
    • Existing classification systems vary, with newer ones aiding treatment decisions based on fracture displacement and stability.
    • Effective management is crucial for optimal outcomes in pediatric elbow fractures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline current management strategies for pediatric lateral condyle fractures.
    • To emphasize the importance of fracture reduction and union for restoring elbow function.
    • To highlight potential complications and the need for vigilant monitoring.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature and classification systems for pediatric lateral condyle fractures.

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  • Discussion of surgical techniques including closed or open reduction and fixation (Kirschner wires, screws).
  • Emphasis on post-operative care and monitoring for complications.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful management aims for articular surface reduction and fracture union.
    • Surgical intervention often leads to improved elbow joint motion.
    • Key complications to monitor include osteonecrosis and nonunion, though they are infrequent.

    Conclusions:

    • Current classifications guide management of pediatric lateral condyle fractures effectively.
    • Surgical goals include anatomical reduction, stable fixation, and restoration of elbow function.
    • Surgeons must remain aware of and monitor for potential rare complications such as osteonecrosis and nonunion.