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The roles played by TLR4 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis; A systematic review article

Fateme Asadzadeh Manjili1, Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour2, Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi2

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Immunology Letters
|February 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves inflammation and may be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is investigated for its role in MS pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a global, pro-inflammatory neurological disease affecting young people.
  • The exact causes and complications of MS remain unclear.
  • Environmental factors like pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and internal damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are hypothesized to trigger MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore the connection between PAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) in MS etiology.
  • To examine recent in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding TLR4's involvement in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro and in vivo investigations.
  • Focus on pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), specifically Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
  • Analysis of TLR4's expression and function in immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells.

Main Results:

  • Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) sense PAMPs and DAMPs, implicated in MS.
  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key PRR expressed on immune cells and linked to inflammatory diseases.
  • Evidence suggests TLR4 plays a significant role in the inflammatory processes underlying MS pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • TLR4 is a plausible molecule involved in the etiology and progression of multiple sclerosis.
  • Understanding TLR4's function could offer new insights into MS.
  • Further research into TLR4 pathways may reveal therapeutic targets for MS.
Keywords:
Innate immunityMultiple sclerosisPathogen recognition receptorToll like receptor

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