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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

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Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Nicola Alessio1, Anna Lisa Brigida2, Gianfranco Peluso3

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Exosomes, tiny vesicles secreted by stem cells, show promise in treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These particles may mediate the therapeutic effects of stem cells by reducing neuroinflammation and improving communication in the brain.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderexosomesneuroinflammationstem cellstranslational approach

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Isolation of Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor from Embryonic Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits, communication problems, and repetitive behaviors.
  • Increasing ASD prevalence highlights the need for new biomarkers and treatments.
  • Neuroinflammation and dysregulated neuro-immune signaling are key features of ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential therapeutic role of exosomes in alleviating ASD symptoms.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell-based therapies for ASD.
  • To highlight exosomes as potential mediators of stem cell therapeutic activities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on stem cell therapy and exosomes in ASD.
  • Analysis of the role of paracrine activity and exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication.
  • Examination of exosome composition (RNA and proteins) and their impact on neuroinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell therapy shows potential for ASD treatment, with paracrine activity being a key mechanism.
  • Exosomes, released by stem cells, are enriched with RNA and proteins.
  • Exosomes facilitate cell-to-cell communication and may mediate the anti-inflammatory and restorative effects of stem cells in ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes represent a promising therapeutic avenue for managing ASD symptoms.
  • Understanding exosome function is crucial for developing novel stem cell-based treatments for ASD.
  • Exosomes could be harnessed as biomarkers or therapeutic agents for neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD.