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Trisomy 4 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

D E Horsman1, J T Pantzar, D K Kalousek

  • 1Department of Pathology, Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Canada.

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Trisomy 4, linked to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, was found in only one patient with AML M2, not AML M4. This patient had no history of toxic exposure, challenging previous associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cytogenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Trisomy 4 is a nonrandom chromosomal abnormality recently associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with myelomonocytic morphology (AML M4).
  • Previous research suggested a potential link between trisomy 4 and exposure to environmental toxins.

Observation:

  • A review of over 1200 hematologic malignancy cases from 1975-1987 identified only one instance of simple trisomy 4.
  • This single case was diagnosed as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with myeloid morphology (AML M2).

Findings:

  • The patient with trisomy 4 (AML M2) had no reported history of toxic chemical or drug exposure.
  • This finding contrasts with the previously suggested association between trisomy 4 and AML M4, and environmental toxins.

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Implications:

  • The rarity of trisomy 4 in this cohort suggests it may not be a common abnormality in hematologic malignancies.
  • The lack of toxic exposure in the observed case warrants further investigation into the etiology of trisomy 4.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the specific role and potential causes of trisomy 4 in leukemia.