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Multifunctional Bioactive Resin for Dental Restorative Materials.

Loredana Tammaro1, Anna Di Salle2, Anna Calarco2

  • 1Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory (SSPT-PROMAS-NANO), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici (Na), Italy.

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Novel dental composites combining Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin with fluoride-ion-intercalated layered double hydroxide and calcium bentonite show enhanced mechanical strength. These materials exhibit antibacterial properties without hindering dental pulp stem cell differentiation, offering a promising advance in restorative dentistry.

Keywords:
antibiofilm activitycalcium bentonitecomposite resindental materialslayered double hydroxide

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Resin-based composites are essential dental restorative materials requiring continuous improvement for enhanced properties.
  • Existing materials need optimization in modulus, hardness, chemical inertness, and moisture resistance.
  • Development of multifunctional dental composites is crucial for advanced preventive and restorative applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, biofunctional hybrid dental composites with improved mechanical and biological properties.
  • To investigate the effects of incorporating layered double hydroxide intercalated with fluoride ions (LDH-F) and calcium bentonite (Bt) into a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (RK).
  • To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytocompatibility effects of the synthesized hybrid composites.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of hybrid composites using light-cured Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (RK) with varying ratios of LDH-F and Bt.
  • Characterization of structural, mechanical, and biological properties of the synthesized materials.
  • Assessment of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against oral bacterial strains and evaluation of dental pulp stem cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Incorporation of small mass fractions of LDH-F and Bt significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the RK dental resin.
  • The synthesized hybrid composites demonstrated effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against *Streptococcus* spp., *Bacteroides fragilis*, and *Staphylococcus epidermidis*.
  • The materials maintained their ability to induce dental pulp stem cells differentiation into odontoblast-like cells.

Conclusions:

  • The novel hybrid composites exhibit a promising balance between enhanced mechanical properties, antibiofilm efficacy, and cytocompatibility.
  • These materials represent a significant advancement for preventive and restorative dentistry applications.
  • The multifunctional nature of these composites addresses key requirements for next-generation dental restorative materials.