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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
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[Key signaling pathways associated with risks forcleft lip and palate].

Yanyang Wang1, Di Wu, Ke Mao

  • 1Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China. wuudii@126.com; maocyy@126.com.

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Yixue Yichuanxue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics
|February 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Understanding cleft lip and palate molecular mechanisms is crucial. This review summarizes key signaling pathways and gene networks involved in lip and palate development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common birth defect with complex etiology.
  • Over 100 genes are associated with CLP, but their precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Gene function is often mediated through signaling pathways crucial for embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the known signaling pathways implicated in lip and palate development.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cleft lip and palate formation.
  • To highlight the role of gene-environment interactions and regulatory networks in CLP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic and molecular studies on cleft lip and palate.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in craniofacial development.
  • Synthesis of information on gene interactions and regulatory networks.

Main Results:

  • Multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt, TGF-β, and Shh, are critical for lip and palate formation.
  • Aberrant signaling in these pathways disrupts cell activity and tissue formation, leading to CLP.
  • Complex gene-regulatory networks integrate various signaling factors to guide development.

Conclusions:

  • Signal pathways and their interactions are central to the molecular mechanisms of cleft lip and palate.
  • Further research into these pathways can identify therapeutic targets for CLP prevention and treatment.
  • Understanding these complex networks is key to delineating the genetic basis of CLP.