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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
Published on: February 23, 2011
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Preimplantation genetic testing practices in the Nordic countries.
Julius Hreinsson1, Erik Iwarsson2, Charles Hanson3
1Mount Sinai Fertility, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|February 9, 2020
Summary
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in Nordic clinics shows outcomes comparable to international standards. Most PGT cycles are publicly funded, with local labs handling genetic analysis and genetic counseling widely available.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Human Genetics
- Clinical Embryology
Background:
- Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is increasingly utilized globally.
- International PGT data compilation is essential for practice standardization and quality improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compile and compare PGT practices, quality measures, and outcomes in Nordic clinics.
- To establish a baseline for PGT services within the Nordic region.
Main Methods:
- A structured online survey was administered to Nordic PGT clinics.
- Data from 2018 were collected, with 80% of clinics responding.
- Anonymity was maintained, and data were clarified through clinic iteration.
Main Results:
- The majority of PGT cycles are publicly funded, with university hospitals performing most treatments.
- Local genetic laboratories conduct most genetic analyses, complemented by international private labs.
- Clinical pregnancy rates per transfer (~40%) align with international benchmarks; quality control and ISO certification are common.
Conclusions:
- PGT in the Nordic region is concentrated in a few clinics, primarily using local laboratories for genetic analysis.
- Laboratory procedures adhere to international guidelines, yielding outcomes comparable to global reports.

