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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
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Published on: September 8, 2023

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Head-up display assisted endoscopic lumbar discectomy-A technical note.

Jason I Liounakos1, Timur Urakov1, Michael Y Wang1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

The International Journal of Medical Robotics + Computer Assisted Surgery : MRCAS
|February 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive surgeons can improve comfort and reduce pain using head-up displays. This technology aligns the surgeon's view with the operative field, enhancing surgical ergonomics.

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Post-Operative Coronal Malalignment is Associated with Delayed Deterioration Following Minimally Invasive Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity.

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally invasive surgery
  • Neurosurgery
  • Surgical ergonomics

Background:

  • Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) relies on indirect visualization, often causing non-ergonomic postures and surgeon discomfort, including neck and shoulder pain.
  • Spinal endoscopy, a type of MIS, is growing in popularity but presents ergonomic challenges, particularly with endoscope display positioning.
  • Current endoscope setups frequently misalign the display with the surgeon's natural line of sight and the operative field.

Observation:

  • A percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy was performed using smart glasses with a head-up display (HUD).
  • The HUD technology was implemented to align the surgeon's line of sight directly with the operative field.

Findings:

  • Aligning the surgeon's visual and motor axes using a HUD resulted in a more comfortable and ergonomic operating posture.
Keywords:
endoscopic spine surgeryminimally invasive surgeryspine

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  • This technological integration directly addressed the ergonomic issues associated with traditional endoscope display placement.

    • Implications:

    • Head-up displays offer a potentially simple and effective solution for improving surgical ergonomics in MIS.
    • Adopting HUDs could mitigate surgeon fatigue and pain, potentially improving surgical outcomes and surgeon well-being.
    • This approach may represent a significant advancement in addressing the ergonomic limitations of current minimally invasive surgical techniques.