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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Organic chelates decrease phytotoxic effects and enhance chromium uptake by regulating chromium-speciation in castor

Freeha Fatima Qureshi1, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf1, Rizwan Rasheed1

  • 1Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organic chelates improve castor bean growth under chromium (Cr) toxicity by enhancing nutrient uptake and reducing oxidative stress. Chelates also alter Cr species, promoting plant recovery and phytoextraction potential.

Keywords:
Cr-speciationHydroponicsIon homeostasisOxidative injuryPhytoremediationSecondary metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Limited data exists on essential nutrient uptake and secondary metabolite accumulation in castor bean under chromium (Cr) toxicity.
  • The role of organic chelates, such as EDTA and citric acid, in mitigating Cr toxicity and enhancing Cr uptake in castor bean is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phytoextraction potential of Ricinus communis L. under Cr toxicity.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of organic chelates (EDTA and citric acid) in improving plant growth, nutrient uptake, and Cr accumulation in castor bean.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three independent experiments using sand, hydroponics, and soil media.
  • Optimized chelates doses in a sand experiment and applied them in hydroponics and soil experiments.
  • Assessed growth characteristics, leaf pigments, oxidative stress markers (H2O2, MDA), essential nutrient content, and Cr accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Chromium stress significantly reduced growth and leaf pigments, while increasing oxidative stress.
  • Organic chelate application (2.5 and 5 mM) improved oxidative defense and secondary metabolite accumulation, reducing H2O2 and MDA levels.
  • Chelates enhanced the uptake of essential nutrients (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, P) and increased total Cr content, with a shift towards the less toxic Cr3+ form.

Conclusions:

  • Organic chelates effectively mitigate Cr toxicity in castor bean by regulating Cr species, improving ion homeostasis, and enhancing secondary metabolite accumulation.
  • Chelate application supports improved plant growth and nutrient balance under Cr stress.
  • Ricinus communis L., when treated with organic chelates, shows potential for Cr phytoextraction.