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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
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The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice
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Hedione Reduces Subjective Vicarious Stress.

Anika Pützer1,2, Martin Brüne2,3, Hanns Hatt4

  • 1Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|February 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hedione, a potential chemosignal, reduced subjective stress when observing others in distress. This olfactory compound did not impact physiological stress or empathic concern, suggesting a specific effect on perceived vicarious stress.

Keywords:
chemosensory communicationchemosignalempathic stresshedionestressstress contagionvicarious stress

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Observing others in stressful situations can induce empathic stress in individuals.
  • Chemosensory communication, particularly through odors, may transmit stress-related information between people.
  • Hedione is investigated as a potential chemosignal influencing empathic stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of the odorant Hedione on physiological and psychological empathic stress responses.
  • To determine if Hedione acts as a chemosignal in modulating stress experienced when observing others.
  • To differentiate the impact of Hedione on subjective stress versus empathic concern.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with participants observing individuals undergoing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).
  • Participants were exposed to either an odor-free environment or an environment scented with Hedione.
  • Physiological stress was measured via salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase; psychological stress was assessed through self-report ratings and empathy scales.

Main Results:

  • No significant physiological stress response was observed in the participants (observers).
  • Hedione did not affect physiological stress measures in either experiment.
  • In Experiment 2, Hedione significantly reduced subjective vicarious stress, while empathic concern remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Hedione alleviates subjectively perceived stress during empathic stress situations.
  • The effect of Hedione appears specific to reducing vicarious stress, not influencing empathic concern.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms behind Hedione's effect on perceived stress.