Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

1.4K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
1.4K
Perception01:28

Perception

905
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
905
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

926
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
926
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

2.6K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
2.6K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

555
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
555
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

2.1K
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unsupervised visual learning is revealed for task-irrelevant natural scenes due to reduced attentional suppression effects in visual areas.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Approaching human visual perception through AI-based representation of figure-ground segregation.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Biophysical Modeling of Thalamocortical Circuit Dynamics: Species-Specific Insights into Neural Synchrony, Sleep Spindles, and Mechanisms of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Object Detection, Recognition, Deep Learning, and the Universal Law of Generalization.

Neural computation·2026
Same author

Explainable 3D CNNs link regional and network level disruption in early Parkinson's MRIs to symptom progression.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Structural changes in autism reflect atypical brain network organization and phenotypical heterogeneity: a hybrid deep network approach.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.6K

Perception, Cognition, and Action in Hyperspaces: Implications on Brain Plasticity, Learning, and Cognition.

Haluk Ogmen1, Kazuhisa Shibata2, Arash Yazdanbakhsh3

  • 1Laboratory of Perceptual and Cognitive Dynamics, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Our brains construct 3D spatial representations from 2D visual input, adapting throughout life. Research explores if humans can develop 4D spatial representations through training, revealing insights into brain plasticity.

Keywords:
brain developmentbrain plasticityfour-dimensionalhypercubelearningneural representationssensorimotor

More Related Videos

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
04:44

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

4.8K
Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

14.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.6K
Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
04:44

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

4.8K
Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

14.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Perception
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Humans perceive a 3D world despite 2D retinal input, using cues like disparity and motion parallax.
  • The brain constructs 3D spatial representations for perception and sensorimotor behavior, requiring continuous adaptation.
  • Development and adulthood involve re-mapping sensory representations to motor coordinates due to physiological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review brain plasticity's inherent capabilities and limitations in spatial representation.
  • To investigate if humans can form perceptual and sensorimotor representations of 4D spatial environments with training.
  • To explore how 4D representation ability reveals underlying neural spatial representations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on spatial representation and brain plasticity.
  • Discussion of studies on training-induced adaptation in perceptual and sensorimotor capabilities.
  • Analysis of the implications of 4D representation for understanding neural mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The brain demonstrates significant plasticity in adapting spatial representations.
  • The potential for humans to develop 4D spatial representations is explored, though not definitively established.
  • The capacity for higher-dimensional representation is linked to fundamental properties of neural processing.

Conclusions:

  • Human spatial representation is adaptable and potentially extends beyond 3D.
  • Investigating 4D spatial representation offers a unique window into the brain's fundamental capacity for representing space.
  • Understanding these limits and potentials informs theories of neural representation and plasticity.