Analysis of the Anatomic Relationship Between the Mandibular First Molar Roots and Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam...

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Anatomy
• Comparative Anatomy
• Canine Dentistry

Background:

• The mandibular first molar (M1) in dogs is frequently involved in dental procedures.
• Variations in tooth root and mandibular canal locations are not well-documented on a large scale.
• Accurate anatomical knowledge is vital for preventing complications during canine dental surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To delineate the three-dimensional anatomical relationship between mandibular M1 tooth roots and the mandibular canal in dogs.
• To provide a comprehensive anatomical description for veterinary dental professionals.
• To enhance the safety and precision of dental procedures involving the canine mandible.

Main Methods:

• Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was utilized to assess 101 mesaticephalic canine cadaver heads.
• Detailed analysis of the M1 tooth root apex position relative to the mandibular canal and cortical bone (buccal and lingual).
• Calculation of the mandibular bone height to root length ratio to correlate with root positioning.

Main Results:

• Canine M1 tooth roots were predominantly located closer to the lingual cortex (73.3%) than the buccal cortex.
• Apical root positions showed high symmetry between the left and right sides of the mandible (93% mesial, 95% distal).
• Consistency in apical root position relative to the mandibular canal within the same tooth was observed in 52% of cases.

Conclusions:

• CBCT offers superior three-dimensional anatomical detail compared to traditional dental radiographs.
• The ratio of mandibular bone height to root length may aid in estimating tooth root position from intraoral radiographs.
• A significant majority of dogs exhibit M1 roots positioned lingually, a critical factor for surgical planning and complication avoidance.