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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans
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Dietary Restriction and Epigenetics: Part I.

Gavin Yong-Quan Ng1, David Yang-Wei Fann1, Dong-Gyu Jo2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Conditioning Medicine
|February 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dietary restriction (DR) shows anti-aging effects across species by impacting molecular mechanisms and epigenetic changes. This review explores DR regimens, their effects, and the epigenetic landscape in aging.

Keywords:
DNA methylationagingcaloric restrictiondietary restrictionepigeneticsfasting-mimicking diethistone modificationshistone remodellingintermittent fastingmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Molecular Biology
  • Focuses on the biological processes of aging and its molecular underpinnings.

Background:

  • Aging is linked to chronological age and increases the risk of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.
  • The global increase in age-related diseases presents significant social, economic, and healthcare challenges.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging is crucial for promoting successful aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review different dietary restriction (DR) regimens and their associated mechanisms and effects.
  • To analyze the current understanding of the epigenetic landscape in the context of aging.
  • To explore how DR interventions can mitigate age-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on dietary restriction and aging.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of DR.
  • Examination of epigenetic modifications and their role in age-associated diseases.

Main Results:

  • Dietary restriction (DR) demonstrates significant anti-aging effects across various organisms, from simple to complex.
  • DR elicits systemic effects that can attenuate age-related diseases through diverse molecular pathways.
  • Epigenetic processes, influenced by environmental factors and genetics, play a role in age-associated diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary restriction is a promising intervention for promoting healthy aging and combating age-related diseases.
  • Further research into the epigenetic landscape and DR mechanisms is essential for developing targeted anti-aging strategies.
  • Understanding the interplay between genetics, environment, and epigenetics is key to addressing the complexities of aging.