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The oncogenic role of hepatitis delta virus in hepatocellular carcinoma

Marc Puigvehí1,2, Carlos Moctezuma-Velázquez1, Augusto Villanueva1,3,4

  • 1Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

JHEP Reports : Innovation in Hepatology
|February 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) accelerates liver disease progression and increases liver cancer risk. Further research is needed to understand HDV-specific oncogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus requiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.
  • HDV affects 20-40 million people globally, with pegylated interferon (PegIFN) as the sole recommended therapy.
  • Limited data exists on HDV's role in HBV-related liver disease and cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the oncogenic role of HDV in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To explore reported mechanisms of HDV involvement in HCC development.
  • To highlight the need for understanding HDV-specific oncogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of retrospective and cohort studies.
  • Analysis of existing evidence on HDV's contribution to liver disease and HCC.
  • Synthesis of information on molecular mechanisms of HDV-related oncogenesis.

Main Results:

  • HBV/HDV coinfection accelerates cirrhosis progression compared to HBV monoinfection.
  • Coinfection is associated with an increased risk of developing HCC.
  • Ancillary information exists on HDV's oncogenic mechanisms, but specific mutation landscapes are unreported.

Conclusions:

  • HDV coinfection significantly impacts HBV-related liver disease severity and HCC risk.
  • Understanding HDV-specific molecular mechanisms is crucial for characterizing HDV-related HCC.
  • Further research into HDV-related oncogenesis may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
HCC, co-infectionHepatitis B virusdefectiveliver cancermolecular pathogenesissuperinfection

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