Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

4.7K
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
4.7K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.8K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.8K
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

5.0K
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
5.0K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.9K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.9K
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

3.3K
The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
3.3K
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

4.1K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction to: Neighborhood geographic disparities in colorectal, prostate, breast, and lung cancer risk in Alabama.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice·2026
Same author

Neighborhood geographic disparities in colorectal, prostate, breast, and lung cancer risk in Alabama.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice·2026
Same author

Lipid Droplets in Cancer: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Short-term consumption of the modified standard American diet perturbed the metabolic balance and altered DNA damage in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice.

Breast cancer research : BCR·2025
Same author

Awareness of the alcohol-breast cancer link among breast cancer survivors in the United States: a national cross-sectional survey.

BMC women's health·2025
Same author

Integrative spatial omics reveals distinct tumor-promoting multicellular niches and immunosuppressive mechanisms in Black American and White American patients with TNBC.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

8.6K

Spotlighting the hypoxia-centrosome amplification axis.

Karuna Mittal1, Ritu Aneja1

  • 1Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Medicinal Research Reviews
|February 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia, a low-oxygen tumor condition, drives centrosome amplification (CA) and cancer cell instability. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) may improve cancer drug therapies and patient risk stratification.

Keywords:
HIF-1αTNBCcentrosome amplificationhypoxia

More Related Videos

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

15.7K
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

8.6K
Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

15.7K
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Anticancer drug efficacy is limited by discrepancies between in vitro cell cultures and in vivo patient tumors.
  • Patient tumors exhibit higher centrosomal aberrations and distinct microenvironments compared to cultured cells.
  • Hypoxia, a key cancer hallmark, is often absent in standard cell culture conditions, potentially explaining in vitro-in vivo discordance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the understudied interplay between tumor hypoxia and centrosome amplification (CA).
  • To determine if hypoxia influences the expression of proteins critical for CA.
  • To explore the potential of targeting hypoxia-related pathways for cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell culture models under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
  • Assessed protein expression levels (Plk4, Aurora A, Cyclin D) related to CA.
  • Investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in mediating hypoxia-induced CA.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia was found to induce the expression of key proteins (Plk4, Aurora A, Cyclin D) involved in CA.
  • This induction was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).
  • Hypoxia promotes CA, contributing to intratumoral heterogeneity and metastatic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia is a significant driver of centrosome amplification in cancer cells.
  • The hypoxia-CA axis represents a potential therapeutic vulnerability.
  • Targeting HIF-1α may offer new strategies for cancer risk stratification and drug development.