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Dynamic Brow Restoration Using a Soft Tissue Expander in Adult Patients With Arteriovenous Malformation
Wei Ding1, Hui Chen, Xiaoxi Lin
1From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Background:
Impaired brow function in adult patients with arteriovenous malformation is a serious disability that can even influence the field of vision. Brow reanimation techniques are used to recover a more natural appearance and brow function. Many static procedures have been set to augment brow elevation, but only dynamic procedures can lead to better functional results. In this study, the experience of a single surgeon addressing the challenge of brow restoration with dynamic procedures is presented.
Methods:
A retrospective review was performed using the records of 4 adult patients who underwent dynamic procedures using a soft tissue expander for brow restoration after arteriovenous malformation excision in the unilateral site of the forehead with the expander on the contralateral side. Movement and electrodiagnostic examinations were performed postoperatively at 2 months.
Results:
The patients included 3 males and 1 female (mean age, 20.5 ± 4.04 years). Brow improvement was noted in all patients. The results of the electrodiagnostic examination showed synchronous and spontaneous motor unit potentials and compound muscle action potentials with the contralateral forehead.
Conclusions:
Dynamic procedures using a soft tissue expander can provide both static and dynamic functional brow elevation of the contralateral frontalis and skin.
