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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Decision-making involves maximizing rewards and minimizing costs, alongside confidence in judgments.
  • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is implicated in both subjective value (SV) and confidence.
  • The temporal relationship between SV and confidence signals in vmPFC remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship and temporal dynamics between subjective value (SV) and confidence signals in the vmPFC during decision-making.
  • To differentiate neural representations of offer valuation (SV) and choice valuation (confidence) within the vmPFC.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used on 28 participants performing a two-phase approach-avoidance task.
  • Participants decided on offers involving monetary rewards and painful shock stimuli.
  • Neural responses during offer and commit phases were analyzed concerning subjective value and confidence.

Main Results:

  • During the offer phase, vmPFC activity tracked subjective value (SV) but not confidence.
  • During the commit phase, vmPFC activity tracked confidence, calculated as a quadratic extension of SV, but not offer valuation.
  • Cognitive control network activation (lPFC, dACC) correlated with ambivalence during both task phases.

Conclusions:

  • vmPFC exhibits temporally distinct representations for SV and confidence during value-based decision-making.
  • Subjective value (SV) is represented earlier in the decision process than confidence.
  • These findings elucidate the complementary roles and temporal dynamics of value and confidence signals in the vmPFC.