The uncharacterized gene EVE contributes to vessel element dimensions in Populus

Area of Science:

• Plant Biology
• Evolutionary Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Angiosperm diversification is linked to the evolution of efficient water transport via vessel elements.
• Vessel element dimensions critically affect water flow, photosynthesis, and plant stature.
• Genetic factors controlling vessel element dimensions remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify genes regulating vessel element dimensions in angiosperms.
• To investigate the role of the novel gene ENLARGED VESSEL ELEMENT (EVE) in vessel development.
• To explore the evolutionary origins of EVE.

Main Methods:

• Gene characterization in *Populus* (poplar).
• Analysis of gene localization and function during xylem differentiation.
• Phylogenetic analysis of the EVE gene family.

Main Results:

• The *EVE* gene significantly impacts vessel element dimensions and hydraulic conductivity in *Populus*.
• EVE is a plasma membrane-localized protein involved in potassium uptake during vessel development.
• EVE originated in streptophyte algae and expanded in angiosperms, possibly via horizontal gene transfer.

Conclusions:

• *EVE* is a key genetic regulator of vessel element size and function in angiosperms.
• Understanding *EVE*'s role provides insights into the evolution of vascular systems and crop traits.
• The ancient origins and potential horizontal gene transfer of *EVE* highlight unique evolutionary pathways in plants.