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Coumarin: An emerging antiviral agent.

Shruti Mishra1, Achyut Pandey1, Siddharth Manvati1

  • 1School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Heliyon
|February 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Coumarin, a natural compound, shows significant potential as a novel antiviral drug. Its mechanisms involve inhibiting viral replication and regulating cellular pathways against viruses like HIV and influenza.

Keywords:
AntiviralCoumarinHealth sciencesInhibitorMechanismMicrobiologyNatural productPharmaceutical sciencePharmacologyPublic healthViral replication

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Viral infections pose significant public health challenges, with existing antiviral drugs often limited by viral mutations.
  • Natural products offer a promising avenue for discovering novel antiviral agents due to their diverse chemical structures and biological activities.
  • Coumarin, a naturally occurring compound, exhibits favorable properties like stability, solubility, and low toxicity, making it a potential drug candidate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of coumarin's antiviral effects.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying coumarin's antiviral activity.
  • To highlight coumarin's potential against a range of significant viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating coumarin and its derivatives for antiviral properties.
  • Analysis of research detailing the molecular targets and pathways affected by coumarin in viral infections.
  • Synthesis of evidence on coumarin's efficacy against specific viruses including HIV, Influenza, Hepatitis, Dengue, and Chikungunya.

Main Results:

  • Coumarin demonstrates inhibitory effects against various viruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Influenza virus, Hepatitis virus, Dengue virus, and Chikungunya virus.
  • The antiviral mechanisms of coumarin involve the inhibition of essential viral proteins and the modulation of host cellular pathways, such as Akt-Mtor, NF-κB, and Nrf-2.
  • Evidence suggests coumarin can interfere with viral entry, replication, and assembly processes.

Conclusions:

  • Coumarin represents a promising natural product scaffold for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.
  • Further research into coumarin's specific molecular targets and optimization of its derivatives could lead to effective treatments for challenging viral diseases.
  • Coumarin's multifaceted mechanisms offer a potential strategy to overcome antiviral drug resistance.