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Related Concept Videos

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Retrograde Parotid Gland Infusion through Stensen's Duct in a Non-Human Primate for Vectored Gene Delivery
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Parotid sparing in RapidPlan Oropharynx models: To split or not to split.

James O'Toole1, Kenny Wu1, Regina Bromley1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.

Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences
|February 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Combining parotid glands in knowledge-based planning (KBP) for oropharyngeal radiation therapy improves parotid sparing. A combined model offers better ipsilateral parotid dose reduction and shows potential for contralateral sparing.

Keywords:
Head and Neck planningOropharynx modelRapidPlanknowledge-based planningparotid sparing

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Medical physics
  • Radiotherapy planning

Background:

  • Radiation planning quality varies due to factors like patient anatomy and planning objectives.
  • Knowledge-based planning (KBP) aims to standardize and improve radiotherapy plans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if treating parotid glands as combined or separate structures in KBP impacts oropharyngeal radiation plan quality.
  • To evaluate dose received by parotid glands under different KBP modeling approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Two RapidPlan (RP) models were developed: one with separate ipsilateral/contralateral parotids and one combined.
  • Both models were validated using independent patient data (20 patients).
  • Dose constraints, priorities, and an auto-generated line objective were consistently applied; parotid mean and V50 doses were compared.

Main Results:

  • The combined parotid model achieved lower ipsilateral mean doses in 80% of cases and lower V50 doses in 75% of cases.
  • Lower mean doses to the contralateral parotid were observed in 55% of plans using the combined model.
  • V50 dose reductions for the contralateral parotid were evenly distributed between the two models.

Conclusions:

  • A combined parotid gland model in RP enhances ipsilateral parotid sparing during oropharyngeal radiotherapy.
  • The combined model shows promise for sparing the contralateral parotid, warranting further investigation.
  • Optimizing KBP by combining parotid structures can lead to improved dose distribution in head and neck cancer radiotherapy.