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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

850
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Dynamics in Lupus-Prone Mice Using a Simple, Cost-Effective DNA Isolation Method
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Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Dynamics in Lupus-Prone Mice Using a Simple, Cost-Effective DNA Isolation Method

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The microbiome in autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Maximilian F Konig1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|February 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The microbiome

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Microbial roles in autoimmune rheumatic diseases are historically studied.
  • Early research struggled to link specific microbes to disease causation.
  • Current understanding involves complex interactions between host genetics, environment, and microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current insights into the microbiome's role in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
  • To discuss mechanisms linking microbe-immune interactions to autoimmunity.
  • To highlight challenges and future directions in microbiome research for rheumatic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on microbiome composition in connective tissue diseases and vasculitis.
  • Exploration of mechanistic studies on microbe-immune cell interactions.
Keywords:
Connective tissue diseaseMicrobiomePathobiontsRheumatoid arthritisSclerodermaSjögren's syndromeSystemic sclerosisVasculitis

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  • Synthesis of findings from descriptive and hypothesis-driven research.

    • Main Results:

    • Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are consistently associated with microbiome structural abnormalities (dysbiosis).
    • Mechanistic studies implicate microbe-immune interactions in disease initiation (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus).
    • Significant variability exists between studies, hindering generalization and causal inference.

    Conclusions:

    • While dysbiosis is common in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, specific pathobiont roles require further investigation.
    • Integrating descriptive microbiome data with immunopathogenesis research is crucial.
    • Elucidating targetable mechanisms for preclinical and established rheumatic diseases necessitates combined approaches.