Mesenchymal stem cells as carriers for systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Virology
• Stem Cell Biology
• Genetic Engineering

Background:

• Oncolytic viruses, engineered via genetic modification, are emerging as potent anticancer therapeutics.
• These viruses possess dual antitumor actions: direct cancer cell lysis (oncolysis) and immune stimulation against tumor epitopes.
• Systemic administration of viruses typically elicits an antiviral immune response, potentially limiting therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as carriers for genetically engineered oncolytic viruses.
• To evaluate the potential of MSCs to improve the delivery and efficacy of oncoviral therapy.
• To discuss the ongoing debate regarding the safety and therapeutic benefits of MSCs in oncoviral treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of preclinical studies and existing literature on MSCs and oncolytic viruses.
• Analysis of MSCs' inherent tumor-homing properties for targeted delivery of therapeutic constructs.
• Investigation of MSCs' capacity to shield oncolytic viruses from host immune responses.

Main Results:

• MSCs demonstrate tumor tropism, enhancing the delivery of oncolytic viruses to neoplastic sites, including metastatic foci.
• MSC shielding protects oncolytic viral constructs from antiviral immune responses, potentially improving systemic delivery.
• While concerns exist regarding MSCs' proliferative and transformation potential, the majority of preclinical data indicate safety and efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Mesenchymal stem cells represent a promising delivery vehicle for oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy.
• The use of MSCs may overcome limitations associated with systemic viral administration and improve treatment outcomes for various neoplasms.
• Further research and clinical evaluation are warranted to fully elucidate the potential and address safety concerns of MSC-mediated oncoviral therapy.