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Polyether polyurethanes: biostable or not?

K B Stokes1

  • 1Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55430.

Journal of Biomaterials Applications
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyether polyurethanes can crack in implants due to stress or metal ion oxidation. However, these degradation mechanisms are controllable, allowing for the safe use of these biostable polymers in medical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Polyether polyurethanes are used in long-term implants.
  • Some polyether polyurethanes exhibit surface cracking, compromising bulk properties.
  • Understanding degradation is crucial for implantable device development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and explain the mechanisms of polyether polyurethane cracking in vivo.
  • To assess the controllability of identified degradation pathways.
  • To determine the suitability of polyether polyurethanes for long-term medical implants.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term in vivo implant studies.
  • Analysis of polymer surface morphology and bulk properties.
  • Investigation of polymer-environment interactions and material degradation.

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Main Results:

  • Two primary cracking mechanisms identified: in vivo stress cracking and metal ion oxidation.
  • Stress cracking results from the interaction between the mammalian environment and residual polymer strain.
  • Metal ion oxidation, particularly from cobalt corrosion products, exacerbates polymer degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Cracking mechanisms in polyether polyurethanes are identifiable and controllable.
  • These degradation pathways do not inherently prevent the use of polyether polyurethanes in implantable devices.
  • Polyether polyurethanes can remain viable biomaterials with appropriate material selection and device design.