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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

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The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Interface-Specific Two-Dimensional Electronic Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy.

Gang-Hua Deng1, Yuqin Qian1, Qianshun Wei1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|February 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel fourth-order two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy. This technique reveals hidden surface dark states on GaAs (100), offering new insights into surface and interface dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High even-order spectroscopy offers enhanced structural and dynamical information for surfaces and interfaces.
  • Existing methods have limitations in probing complex surface phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel fourth-order interface-specific two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy.
  • To investigate surface state couplings and dynamics at semiconductor interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a translating wedge-based identical pulses encoding system (TWINs) for generating phase-locked pulse pairs.
  • Application of fourth-order 2D-ESFG spectroscopy to n-type and p-type GaAs (100) surfaces.
  • Utilizing 2D-ESFG to probe surface states and their couplings.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the capability of fourth-order 2D-ESFG spectroscopy for interface-specific analysis.
  • Identified a surface dark state within the bandgap of GaAs (100) that is undetectable by one-dimensional ESFG.
  • Provided evidence of surface state couplings in both n-type and p-type GaAs (100).

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2D-ESFG spectroscopy is a pioneering interface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy technique.
  • This method offers a new, powerful tool for probing spectral diffusion, conformational dynamics, energy transfer, and charge transfer at surfaces and interfaces.
  • The findings open new avenues for understanding and manipulating surface and interface properties in materials.