ExoIII and TdT dependent isothermal amplification (ETDA) colorimetric biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of Hg²

As the accumulation of mercury ions has a detrimental impact on human health, the design and development of a new type of biosensor that can rapidly, sensitively and selectively detect Hg²⁺ in aqueous solutions are essential. In this study, we have developed an exonuclease III (ExoIII) and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dependent isothermal amplification (ETDA) colorimetric biosensor. The template sequence is a hairpin where -NH₂ is labeled at the 3'-end and both termini are T-rich sequences. In the presence of Hg²⁺, the template formed a blunt end, and the catalytic activity of ExoIII was activated with cleavage of the -NH₂ at the 3'-end. TdT enzyme activity was initiated with the formation of a large number of G-rich nucleic acid sequences. G-rich sequences incubated with iron (III)-hemin mimicked peroxidase-like activity, catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H₂O₂. The biosensor constructed in this paper had a good linear range, 1-25 nmol/L. Its detection limit was 0.41 nmol/L (3σ), and recovery rates were between 100.5% and 103%. In conclusion, combined with the colorimetric biosensor and double enzyme cyclic amplification reaction, an ultra-sensitivity and strong specificity detection method was developed to detect Hg²⁺. At the same time, this method also expands the detection method of Hg²⁺ available in the literature.